Deconstructing Ecosystem Service Conflicts through the Prisms of Political Ecology and Game Theory in a North-Western Mediterranean River Basin.

Power relationships, access and control, (in)equity, and (in)justice are key modulators of conflicts arising from ecosystem services between multiple stakeholders. A greater knowledge of stakeholder value systems and behaviors is crucial for understanding socioecological dynamics. We propose an analytical framework that combines political ecology and game theory to analyze water ecosystem services. This integrated framework was used to reinterpret concepts such as common goods, (a)symmetric flows, and (un)fair trade-offs in the context of ecosystem services. The purpose was to gain a better understanding of behaviors and (a)symmetries in power relationships between multiple stakeholders. We studied the case of a north-western Mediterranean river basin using data obtained from stakeholder interviews and newspaper articles. Our findings uncovered different types of stakeholder relationships, ranging from mutual support and cooperation to conflict. The proposed analytical framework shows how social mechanisms can affect ecosystem services flows, potentially facilitating or hindering the development of more equitable management models for natural resources. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10745-022-00325-5.

Health Inequality as a Large-Scale Outcome of Complex Social Systems: Lessons for Action on the Sustainable Development Goals.

Action on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) needs to become real and impactful, taking a "whole systems" perspective on levers for systems change. This article reviews what we have learned over the past century about the large-scale outcome of health inequality, and what we know about the behaviour of complex social systems. This combined knowledge provides lessons on the nature of inequality and what effective action on our big goals, like the SDGs, might look like. It argues that economic theories and positivist social theories which have dominated the last 150 years have largely excluded the nature of human connections to each other, and the environment. This exclusion of intimacy has legitimatised arguments that only value-free economic processes matter for macro human systems, and only abstract measurement constitutes valuable social science. Theories of complex systems provide an alternative perspective. One where health inequality is viewed as emergent, and causes are systemic and compounding. Action therefore needs to be intensely local, with power relationships key to transformation. This requires conscious and difficult intervention on the intolerable accumulation of resources; improved reciprocity between social groups; and reversal of system flows, which at present ebb away from the local and those already disadvantaged.

The role of gender and power dynamics in injection initiation events within intimate partnerships in the US-Mexico border region.

Women's initiation into injection drug use often establishes a pattern of risk following first injection. This study explored sources of gendered power dynamics in injection initiation experiences for people who inject drugs. A qualitative subsample from two prospective community-recruited cohorts of people who inject drugs in San Diego and Tijuana provided data on the contexts surrounding injection initiation processes. Intimate partnerships were identified in initiation; sub-themes were identified drawing on three concepts within the theory of gender and power. With reference to sexual division of labour, men were often responsible for access to resources in partnerships across both contexts, although there were limited accounts of women obtaining those resources. Extending the structure of power, women in San Diego reported that initiation events involving an intimate partner occurred from a position of vulnerability but expressed greater agency when providing initiation assistance. With regard to structure of cathexis, social norms proscribing injection initiation among women exist, particularly in Tijuana. Gendered power dynamics are a multifaceted component of injection initiation events, especially for women in intimate partnerships. These results stress the need for nuance in understanding the intersection of risk, gender and harm reduction within injection initiation events across socio-cultural contexts.

Strategies for Maintaining the Coach-Analyst Relationship Within Professional Football Utilizing the COMPASS Model: The Performance Analyst's Perspective.

There is a considerable body of research by that has investigated the coach-athlete relationship in sport. However, given the multi-disciplinary nature of modern elite coaching, there is a scarcity of research focusing on the relationship between coaches and other members of the coaching and support team. This study examined the perceptions of six elite professional football analyst's relationships with their respective coaches. Semi structured interviews utilizing the COMPASS Framework were conducted focusing on Conflict, Openness, Motivation, Preventative Strategies, Assurance, Support, and Social Networks. The results verified that the COMPASS Model of relationship maintenance was applicable to this dyad. Content analysis indicated that there was 215 raw data units comprising of 16 higher order themes across the model which was further broken down into 29 lower order themes. All aspects of the model were found to contribute toward a positively maintained relationship. Having an open relationship underpinned by honesty and being able to provide an opinion was seen as the highest rated attribute that was closely followed by supporting the coach by understanding their requirements for successful coaching practice. Not meeting the coach's expectations was found to cause conflict and was further highlighted by an inductive analysis that revealed the existence of a relationship that is fundamentally dictated by the coach. Implications of this investigation are that professionals which support elite performers need to set out clear expectations of working practice and hierarchies in order to minimize the chance of internal conflict that can impact on the service levels received by the performer.

La legitimación de la resistencia. El caso de la Red de Artistas y Activistas Populares de Bello / The Legitimacy of Resistance: A Case of the Net of Artists and Popular Activists in Bello

Resumen En este artículo se estudian los procesos de legitimación puestos en práctica por los integrantes de la Red de Artistas y Activistas Populares de Bello, colectivo cuyo lema es "resistir mediante el arte". Gracias a una metodología cualitativa, con énfasis en el análisis de discursos y la observación etnográfica, se demuestra que en este tipo de iniciativas cohabitan prácticas y discursos necesarios a su legitimación tanto interna como externa. Igualmente, se concluye que los procesos organizativos de la resistencia implican formas de dominación fluctuantes y una distribución desigual del capital simbólico entre sus integrantes.

Abstract This article examines the processes of legitimacy put into practice by the members of the Network of Popular Artists and Activists in Bello, a group whose motto is "to resist through art." Thanks to a qualitative methodology, with an emphasis on discourse analysis and ethnographic observation, it is demonstrated that in this type of initiatives cohabits necessary practices and speeches to their legitimation both internal and external. Likewise, it is concluded that the organizational processes of resistance imply fluctuating forms of domination and an unequal distribution of symbolic capital among its members.

A narrative analysis of women's experiences of planning a vaginal birth after caesarean (VBAC) in Australia using critical feminist theory.

BACKGROUND: Most women who have a caesarean can safely have a vaginal birth after caesarean (VBAC) for their next birth, but more women have an elective repeat caesarean than a VBAC. METHODS: The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the experiences of women planning a vaginal birth after caesarean (VBAC) in Australia, the interactions with their health care providers and their thoughts, feelings and experiences after an antenatal appointment and following the birth. The study explored the effect of different models of care on women's relationships with their health care provider using a feminist theoretical lens. Eleven women who had previously experienced a caesarean section and were planning a VBAC in their current pregnancy used the 'myVBACapp' to record their thoughts after their antenatal appointments and were followed up with in-depth interviews in the postnatal period. RESULTS: Fifty-three antenatal logs and eleven postnatal interviews were obtained over a period of eight months in 2017. Women accessed a variety of models of care. The four contextual factors found to influence whether a woman felt resolved after having a VBAC or repeat caesarean were: 'having confidence in themselves and in their health care providers', 'having control', 'having a supportive relationship with a health care provider' and 'staying active in labour'. CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlight that when women have high feelings of control and confidence; have a supportive continual relationship with a health care provider; and are able to have an active labour; it can result in feelings of resolution, regardless of mode of birth. Women's sense of control and confidence can be undermined through the impact of paternalistic and patriarchal maternity systems by maintaining women's subordination and lack of control within the system. Women planning a VBAC want confident, skilled, care providers who can support them to feel in control and confident throughout the birthing process. Continuity of care (CoC) provides a supportive relationship which some women in this study found beneficial when planning a VBAC.

Occupational Health and Safety in a Vocational Training Program: How Gender Impacts Teachers' Strategies and Power Relationships: Santé et sécurité des stagiaires dans un programme de formation professionnelle: Impact du genre sur les stratégies et rapports de pouvoir.

In Quebec (Canada), the Work-Oriented Training Path, a work-study program, prepares students who are having difficulty at school for the job market. Occupational health and safety is an important part of their training. This article aims to analyze the impact of gender on the interpersonal dynamics among teachers, trainees, and key actors from the businesses involved. This article also looks at the influence of gender on teachers' strategies and capacity to act regarding occupational health and safety. Using a work activity analysis lens, a multiple case-study analysis of teachers' work activity was carried out. The findings show that gendered social relationships create a specific supervisory context that influences occupational health and safety training. Solutions aimed at reducing the negative impact of gender-associated prejudice on work injury prevention include training for teachers, attention to work organization at the schools, and the creation of cohesive teachers' work teams. Résumé Au Québec, le Parcours de formation axée sur l'emploi (WOTP), un programme en alternance, offre une préparation au marché du travail aux élèves en difficultés scolaires. La santé et la sécurité du travail (SST) est un enjeu important de la formation. L'article vise à analyser l'impact du genre dans la dynamique relationnelle entre les enseignant.es, leurs élèves et les interlocuteurs clés des entreprises impliquées, et son influence sur les stratégies et la capacité d'agir des enseignant.es en matière de SST. Une analyse de cas multiples basée sur l'analyse ergonomique de l'activité des enseignants a été menée. Les résultats montrent que les relations sociales de genre déterminent un contexte spécifique de supervision qui influence la formation à la SST. La formation des enseignant.es, l'organisation scolaire et la création de collectifs enseignants cohésifs sont des pistes de solution pour réduire l'effet négatif des préjugés liés au genre influençant la prévention des lésions professionnelles.

Practicing ethnography in migration-related detention centers: A reflexive account.

Feminist scholars, as well as community psychologists, have advocated the role of reflexive engagement in the research process in order to challenge power relations. Moreover, the liberating potential of storytelling, especially when working with issues of diversity and marginalization, has been stressed. The purpose of this article is to reflect on an ethnographic work underway in the Identification and Expulsion Center-CIE of Ponte Galeria, Rome. How the researcher's identities, values, and experiences, alongside power and privilege, have influenced her positioning in the research setting and the relationships formed with the different setting members is the subject of discussion. In sharing the story of this work, the final intent is to contribute to the joint effort to foster a reflexive community psychology practice incorporating feminist goals and a dialogue about ethnography in community psychology.

Tensions and challenges between community health agents and their teams / Tensões e desafios na relação dos agentes comunitários de saúde com as equipes / Tensiones y desafíos en la relación de los agentes comunitarios de salud con los equipos

Primary Health Care (PHC) in Brazil consists of Family Health Strategy (FHS) teams, composed of medical professionals, nurses, nursing technicians, dentists, dental technicians and Community Health Agents (CHA). As a gateway to the healthcare model, the FHS is the first contact of users with the health system. Therefore, because of its proximity to the community and families, the CHA becomes the first professional to identify and accept cases. This article proposes to analyze the relationship between the CHA and the teams from a schizoanalytic perspective. The results point to an overload of work on the CHA and power relations based on knowledge leading to its devaluation by the team. We conclude that, despite these tensions, the work of the CHA is essential for the consolidation of Primary Health Care in Brazil.

No Brasil, a Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) é constituída pelas equipes de Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF), cuja composição se dá por profissionais médicos, enfermeiros, técnicos de enfermagem, odontólogos, técnicos odontológicos e agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS). Como porta de entrada do modelo assistencial de saúde, a ESF é o primeiro contato dos usuários com o sistema de saúde. Assim, por sua proximidade da comunidade e famílias, o ACS se torna o primeiro profissional a identificar e acolher os casos. Este artigo se propõe a analisar a relação entre os ACS e as equipes, a partir de uma perspectiva esquizoanalítica. Os resultados apontam para uma sobrecarga de trabalho do ACS e para relações de poder calcadas no saber, que conduzem à sua desvalorização pela equipe. Concluímos que, apesar dessas tensões, o trabalho do ACS é essencial para a consolidação da Atenção Primária à Saúde no Brasil.

En Brasil, la Atención Primaria a la Salud (APS) está constituida por los equipos de Estrategia Salud de la Familia (ESF), cuya composición se da por profesionales médicos, enfermeros, técnicos de enfermería, odontólogos, técnicos odontológicos y agentes comunitarios de salud (ACS). Como puerta de entrada del modelo asistencial de la salud, la ESF es el primer contacto de los usuarios con el sistema de salud. Así, por su proximidad a la comunidad y familias, el ACS se convierte en el primer profesional a identificar y acoger los casos. Este artículo se propone a analizar la relación entre los ACS y los equipos, desde una perspectiva esquizoanalítica. Los resultados apuntan para una sobrecarga de trabajo del ACS y para relaciones de poder calcadas en el saber, que conducen a una devaluación por el equipo. Concluimos que, aunque haya esas tensiones, el trabajo del ACS es esencial para la consolidación de la Atención Primaria a la Salud en Brasil.

Redes digitais: um local de produção de verdades no contemporâneo? / Redes digitales: ¿un local de producción de verdades en el contemporáneo? / Digital networks: a place of truth production in the contemporary?

RESUMO O presente artigo busca debruçar-se sobre o modo como as redes digitais vêm, atreladas a tantos sonhos e expectativas, diluindo-se discursivamente no tecido social a ponto de se constituírem enquanto um possível local de veridicção no contemporâneo. Para tal, uma série de incitamentos publicitários à conexão digital será tomada como campo de investigação empírica. O objetivo desta empreitada é problematizar certa concepção de rede que, ao contrário de teoricamente compor uma zona horizontal, abre-se à materialidade como uma instância atravessada por relações de poder e, portanto, produtora de desnivelamentos e conflitos.

RESUMEN El presente artículo discute el modo como las redes digitales vienen, atrailladas a tantos sueños y expectativas, se diluyendo discursivamente en el tejido social al punto de se constituyeren en cuanto un posible local de veridicción en el contemporáneo. Para tal, una serie de incitamientos publicitarios a la conexión digital será tomada como campo de investigación empírica. El objetivo de este proyecto es problematizar una cierta concepción de red que, al contrario de teóricamente constituir una zona horizontal, abre-se a la materialidad como una instancia atravesada por relaciones de poder e, por lo tanto, productora de desnivelamientos y conflictos.

ABSTRACT This article aims to understand how the digital networks, tied to so many dreams and expectations, have been diluting themselves discursively in the social fabric to the point of constituting themselves as a possible place of veridiction in the contemporary. To this end, a number of advertising incitements to digital connection will be taken as a empirical field of research. The goal of this endeavor is to discuss a certain conception of network that, instead of constituting a theoretically horizontal zone, opens itself to materiality as an instance traversed by power relationships and, thus, as a producer of unevenness and conflicts.

Infância e Cidade: inventar espaços e modos de viver / Childhood and City: inventing spaces and ways of living

Resumo Nossa experiência com pesquisa no âmbito do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente evidencia práticas institucionais que relacionam o movimento da criança na cidade com práticas de recolher e abrigar em determinados estabelecimentos. Problematizamos como as ligações entre a infância e a cidade vão sendo constituídas na produção das relações de que visam governar a vida, desenvolvendo um estudo genealógico, referenciado em Michel Foucault, com duas linhas de análise: a criação de mecanismos que articulam a infância, a família e o espaço urbano, na sociedade moderna, considerando os estudos de Jacques Donzelot e Philippe Ariès; e os registros das diretrizes de referência na política da infância no Brasil (Código de Menores - 1927 e 1979, Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente - 1990). Entre os modos de governar e inventar a infância e a cidade no Brasil encontramos o diagrama de um sentimento de sujeito de direito infanto-juvenil.(AU)

Abstract Our researching experience concerning the Child and Adolescent Statute highlights institutional practices that relate the movement of the child in the city with practices of gathering and sheltering in certain establishments. We problematize how the relations between childhood and city are built in power relations aiming governing life, by developing a genealogic study based on Michel Foucault, with two analyses paths: the creation of mechanisms that articulate the childhood, the family and the urban space in modern society, considering Jacques Donzelot and Philippe Ariès´ studies; and the records of the reference guidelines on childhood policy in Brazil (Minors´ Code - 1927 and 1979, Child and Adolescent Statue - 1990). Among the ways of governing and inventing childhood and the city in Brazil, we find the diagram of a sense of subject of children´s rights.(AU)

Crowd: sphinx of public health, place of inflection, ideas of common asset / Multidão: esfinge da saúde pública, lugar de inflexão, ideias do bem comum

Public health emerges and acquires a unique expressiveness in many places, albeit under different forms, according to the power games to which they were submitted. One trace makes itself present: domination, through a certain savoir-faire (just like a biopower), of the life dynamics of the population groups, to be able to act upon it and thus also dominate the crowds in their movements: whoever escaped would be monitored, captured and excluded. This is savoir-faire power about how many people die, how many are born, what they die of, and how to avoid it. How to enter and control this game, this is the sanitary obsession and paranoia. This article starts a conversation about thinking of the crowd as a kind of sphinx that the public health system must unearth to be able to control it, just like certain ways of governing others, both individuals and groups. Making it a population is always its strategy of central power. In the contingency of Rio de Janeiro, which some time ago raised the street issue intensely, added to the city's presence in the key world events, the FIFA World Cup and the Summer Olympics, the situation of street signals has been acquiring highly specific expressions regarding the relationship between a crowd and public health, which opens windows for our views about some of the dilemmas that we now face: the making of a crowd in several ways puts at risk the very Government strategies that bank on the construction of the 'population' category.".

A saúde pública emerge e adquire uma expressividade única em vários lugares, mesmo que sob formas distintas, conforme os jogos de poder a que estavam submetidos. Um traço se faz ali presente: dominar por um certo saber-fazer (como um biopoder) a dinâmica da vida nas populações, para poder agir sobre ela e, com isso, dominar as multidões em seus movimentos; o que escapasse, seria vigiado, capturado e excluído. Poder saber-fazer sobre quantos morrem, nascem, do que morrem e como evitá-lo. Como entrar e controlar esse jogo, é a obsessão e a paranoia sanitária. Esse artigo abre uma conversa sobre o pensar a multidão como uma esfinge que a saúde pública tem de desvelar para controlar, conforme certos modos de governar os outros, indivíduos e coletivos. Torná-la população é sempre sua estratégia de poder central. Na contingência do Rio de Janeiro, que trouxe há um tempo a questão da rua de uma maneira intensa, agregada pela sua presença nos eventos mundiais, Copa do Mundo de Futebol e Olimpíada, a situação dos sinais da rua vão adquirindo expressões muito específicas no que toca à relação multidão e saúde pública, o que, abre janelas para a nossa visão sobre alguns dos dilemas que temos hoje: o fazer-se multidão de vários modos coloca em cheque as estratégias governamentais que apostam na fabricação da categoria "população".

Poder e identidade grupal: um estudo em corporações musicais da região das vertentes / Power and group identity: study on musical organized groups in the vertentes region

A investigação produzida buscou compreender a constituição histórica das formações identitárias e suas articulações com as relações de poder, no desempenho das atividades cotidianas de três corporações musicais mineiras. Percebeu-se que o processo identitário dos músicos é permeado pelo prestígio e valor que a tradição musical imprime na região. As diferenciações na produção de identidades individuais e coletivas podem exercer influências nas relações de poder inter e intragrupais. Também, as diversas formas de estabelecimento das relações de poder entre os agentes exercem influências no desenvolvimento do processo grupal e na atividade musical. Atividade, esta, que legitima tanto as identidades coletivas quanto as individuais, mantendo a vida musical da Região das Vertentes viva e intensa através dos tempos.(AU)

The research focused on the historical constitution of the relationships between power and identity, which are embedded in daily activities of three organized musical groups in Minas Gerais. It was identified that the musicians process of identity is permeated by the status and the value traditionally allocated to musical activities in the Vertentes region of Minas Gerais. The differences related to production of collective and individual identities seem to exert influence on inter and intra groups power relationships. Furthermore, the different ways in which power relationships are established among the agents also have influence on the group development and their musical activity. The musical activity, in its turn, legitimates individual and collective identities, contributing for keeping musical life in Vertentes very alive and intense throughout its history.(AU)

Poder e identidade grupal: um estudo em corporações musicais da região das vertentes / Power and group identity: study on musical organized groups in the vertentes region

A investigação produzida buscou compreender a constituição histórica das formações identitárias e suas articulações com as relações de poder, no desempenho das atividades cotidianas de três corporações musicais mineiras. Percebeu-se que o processo identitário dos músicos é permeado pelo prestígio e valor que a tradição musical imprime na região. As diferenciações na produção de identidades individuais e coletivas podem exercer influências nas relações de poder inter e intragrupais. Também, as diversas formas de estabelecimento das relações de poder entre os agentes exercem influências no desenvolvimento do processo grupal e na atividade musical. Atividade, esta, que legitima tanto as identidades coletivas quanto as individuais, mantendo a vida musical da Região das Vertentes viva e intensa através dos tempos.

The research focused on the historical constitution of the relationships between power and identity, which are embedded in daily activities of three organized musical groups in Minas Gerais. It was identified that the musicians process of identity is permeated by the status and the value traditionally allocated to musical activities in the Vertentes region of Minas Gerais. The differences related to production of collective and individual identities seem to exert influence on inter and intra groups power relationships. Furthermore, the different ways in which power relationships are established among the agents also have influence on the group development and their musical activity. The musical activity, in its turn, legitimates individual and collective identities, contributing for keeping musical life in Vertentes very alive and intense throughout its history.